Explanations of each component
LED:
An LED (light-emitting diode) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an electric current passes through it. The LEDs can help indicate the status of the circuit.
Resistor:
The main function of resistors in a circuit is to control the flow of current to other components. It can protect other components from getting burnt or destroyed. In the circuit the resistors are protecting the LEDs from receiving too much current.
Capacitor
A capacitor stores the electrical energy and gives this energy again to the circuit when necessary. It is used to maintain a power supply temporarily when the battery is off.
555 timer:
IC The 555 timer is an integrated circuit as a chip which is used in a variety of timer, pulse generation, and oscillator applications. This device consists of 8 pins. Pin 1 is connected to ground. Pin 2 is the trigger, which works like a starter’s pistol to start the 555 timer running. Pin 3 is the output pin. Pin 4 is the reset pin, which can be used to restart the 555’s timing operation. Like the trigger input, reset is an active low input. Pin 5 is the control pin. Pin 6 is called the threshold. The purpose of this pin is to monitor the voltage across the capacitor that's discharged by pin 7. Pin 7 is called the discharge. This pin is used to discharge an external capacitor that works in conjunction with a resistor to control the timing interval. Pin 8 is connected to the positive supply voltage.
SN7447
IC The IC7447 is a BCD to 7-segment pattern converter. This chip is used to drive 7 segment display. The SN7447 takes the Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) as the input and outputs the relevant 7 segment code. This IC has active low outputs which are made to switch on and off particular LEDs of the display. All the 8 anode legs uses only one cathode, which is common.
SN7493
IC This is an up counter which is capable as acting as a multi-modulus counter. The 7493 has an internal architecture of 4 asynchronously connected J-K flip flops in toggle mode. Only a few pins in this IC are essential. The IC 7493 would be given input DCBA from the IC 7447 and the rest of the display connections are the same with the current limiting resistors. This process is simplified with this IC.
7 segment
display A seven-segment display (SSD), is a form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numbers. This display is arranged in a way in which it can display all numbers from 0 to 9. In this circuit, the display is used as a timer where the numbers increase from 0 till 9.
Complete description of the circuit function.
Here is the circuit diagram of a seven segment counter based on the counter SN7493 IC. This circuit can be used in conjunction with various circuits where a counter to display the progress and add some more attraction.
The IC7493 changes when a pulse is applied. At the output the counter begins at 0. The maximum it would reach is 1. It has the input- following characteristics of the clocked D flip-flop but has two inputs, which are known and J and K. If the 2 outputs are different then the output takes the value of J at the next clock edge. The counter changes its count every time this happens. One of the outputs is equal to 2 inputs. The previous input which is stored latches and for this reason, the counter starts going up in numbers instead of continuing as a 0. Generally, synchronous counters count on the rising-edge which is the low to high transition of the clock signal and asynchronous ripple counters count on the falling-edge which is the high to low transition of the clock signal.
The 555 timer IC provides a very versatile, effective, and easy-to-use astable mode. It can also have the mark-space ratio altered almost limitlessly. A mark space ratio is present in this circuit due to the use of impulses. Mark space ratio in a pulse is the ratio of the duration of the positive-amplitude part of a square wave to that of the negative-amplitude part. An increase in current will lead to a decrease in frequency.
The used inputs of IC 7493 are given as inputs DCBA of the IC 7447 and the rest of the display connections are the same with the current limiting resistors. The required resetting connections have to be made. The 7493 has an internal architecture of 4 asynchronously connected J-K flip flops in toggle mode. Counting the flip flops can be achieved by changing the state on each of the clock cycle. The output of the flip flop completes one whole cycle after 2 clock cycles. Using this output as the input for the second would result in the second flip flop cycling at half of the rate of the first. Increasing the number of flip flops would increase the times you divide it by half. The SN7447 converts the binary data to digital code. The 7447 chip is used to drive 7 segment displays. The inputs DCBA often come from a binary counter. The way it is done is that the 7447 circuit decodes the binary coded decimal which it can then assign logic 0 for low and 1 for high.
The IC7493 changes when a pulse is applied.
At the output the counter begins at 0. The maximum it would reach is 1. It has
the input- following characteristics of the clocked D flip-flop but has two
inputs, which are known and J and K. If the 2 outputs are different then the
output takes the value of J at the next clock edge. The counter changes its
count every time this happens. One of the outputs is equal to 2 inputs. The
previous input
which is stored latches and for this reason, the counter starts
going up in numbers instead of continuing as a 0. Generally, synchronous
counters count on the rising-edge which is the low to high transition of the
clock signal and asynchronous ripple counters count on the falling-edge which
is the high to low transition of the clock signal.
Complete description of the circuit
function.
Here is the circuit diagram of a seven
segment counter based on the counter SN7493 IC. This circuit can be used in
conjunction with various circuits where a counter to display the progress and
add some more attraction.
The IC7493 changes when a pulse is applied.
At the output the counter begins at 0. The maximum it would reach is 1. It has
the input- following characteristics of the clocked D flip-flop but has two
inputs, which are known and J and K. If the 2 outputs are different then the
output takes the value of J at the next clock edge. The counter changes its
count every time this happens. One of the outputs is equal to 2 inputs. The
previous input 
The 555 timer IC provides a
very versatile, effective, and easy-to-use astable mode. It can also have the
mark-space ratio altered almost limitlessly. A mark space ratio is present in
this circuit due to the use of impulses. Mark space ratio in a pulse is the
ratio of the duration of the positive-amplitude part of a square wave to that
of the negative-amplitude part. An increase in current will lead to a decrease
in frequency.
The used inputs of IC 7493 are given as inputs DCBA of the IC 7447
and the rest of the display connections are the same with the current limiting
resistors. The required resetting connections have to be made. The 7493 has an internal
architecture of 4 asynchronously connected J-K flip flops in toggle mode. Counting
the flip flops can be achieved by changing the state on each of the clock
cycle. The output of the flip flop completes one whole cycle after 2 clock
cycles. Using this output as the input for the second would result in the
second flip flop cycling at half of the rate of the first. Increasing the
number of flip flops would increase the times you divide it by half. The SN7447
converts the binary data to digital code. The 7447 chip is used to drive 7
segment displays. The inputs DCBA often come from a binary counter. The way it
is done is that the 7447 circuit decodes the binary coded decimal which it can
then assign logic 0 for low and 1 for high.
The following is a schematic drawing of the
circuit.
The
following is a PCB layout of the circuit.
All the components have been set with a relevant layout and joined with
tracks with each other.
The
following are 3D visualisations of the circuit with the components and without
the components.
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Thanks for reading
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