Explain the principles (rules) that underpin reporting and recording accidents and incident.

An accident is an unplanned or uncontrolled event which has led to or could have led to injury to people, damage to plant, machinery or the environment or cause some other losses.

An incident is an instance of something happening; an event or occurrence.

Accident and incidents are things that could happen in any engineering workplace or organisation during the work. A worker is more vulnerable to and accident because they are more present in the workplace than the visitors and the employer. Because of this the reporting and recording of accidents and incidents becomes very important to the engineering organisation, so they must have the health and safety reporting system in place, especially when that reporting underpins from the RIDDOR (Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013) which lies under the health and safety at work etc act 1974. This puts duties on employers, the self-employed and people in control of work premises (the Responsible Person) to report certain serious workplace accidents, occupational diseases and specified dangerous occurrences.

RIDDOR is the law that requires employers, and other people in charge of work premises, to report and keep records of: work-related accidents which cause deaths, work-related accidents which cause certain serious injuries, diagnosed cases of, certain industrial diseases; and certain dangerous occurrences. All that must be reported to the relevant enforcing authority, either the local authority's Environmental Health dept. or the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), without delay.

All incidents are recorded, however not all are reported. Accident and incident are reportable. Types of injuries which are reportable include the death of any person, specific injuries to workers which include fractures, other than to fingers, thumbs and toes, amputation of an arm, hand, finger, thumb, leg, foot or toe,  any injury likely to lead to permanent loss of sight or reduction in sight in one or both eyes, any crush injury to the head or torso, causing damage to the brain or internal organs, any burn injury including scalding covers more than 10% of the whole body’s total surface area or causes significant damage to the eyes, respiratory system or other vital organs and Any loss of consciousness caused by head injury or asphyxia.
Only responsible persons including employers, the self-employed and people in control of work premises should submit reported under RIDDOR.

The information provided through recording and reporting enables the enforcing authorities either Health and Safety Executive (HSE) or local authority Environmental Health, to identify where and how risks arise, and to investigate serious accidents.

All incidents can be reported online but a telephone service is also provided for reporting fatal and specified injuries only.

A report must be received within 10 days of the incident. Accident are reported on the online form F2508

And in the end the HSE and local authority enforcement officers are not an emergency service it’s just who is responsible to for the accident and incident recording and reporting.

Controlling Hazards 3

Describe how control measures are used to prevent electrical accident.

A hazard is anything that may cause harm or injury. A control measure is any measure taken to eliminate or reduce the risk of injury or bodily harm when the workers doing them job and treating with equipment might cause harm for himself and for anybody around him. Control measures include actions that can be taken to reduce the potential of exposure to the hazard, or the control measure could be to remove the hazard or to reduce the likelihood of the risk of the exposure to that hazard being realized. A simple control measure would be the secure guarding of moving parts of machinery eliminating the potential for contact.

Electricity can kill or severely injure people and cause damage to property. All these accidents are reported to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). However, you can take simple precautions when working with or near electricity and electrical equipment to significantly reduce the risk of injures your workers and others around you.

Whenever possible consider the best way to control a hazard is to apply the control at the source of the hazard. The ultimate control is actual removal of the hazard from the workplace. Controls the hazards do not exactly remove the hazard, but provide information’s to alert the worker that a hazard exists.

Controls at the worker include personal protective equipment (PPE), training in safe work ways, administrative procedures and disciplinary actions. Controls at the worker may be subject to human mistake and should be considered the last alternative in a list of hazard controls, especially in the case of PPE For example, sometimes workers don’t wear their PPE correctly and that sometimes make the controlling hazards more difficult and hard to Implementation.

The basic element of any management program for PPE should be an in depth evaluation of the equipment needed to protect against the hazards at the workplace. The evaluation should be used to set a standard operating procedure for personnel, and then train employees on the protective limitations of the PPE, and on its proper use and maintenance.

Using PPE requires hazard awareness and training on the part of the user. Employees must be aware that the equipment does not eliminate the hazard. If the equipment fails, exposure will occur. To reduce the possibility of failure, equipment must be properly fitted and maintained in a clean and serviceable condition.

Administrative controls, administrative controls include adopting standard operating procedures or safe work practices or providing appropriate training, instruction or information to reduce the potential for harm and adverse health effects to persons. Isolation and permit to work procedures are examples of administrative controls.

Those using or working with electricity may not be the only ones at risk. Everyone around the worker who treating with the electricity is amenability to the burning dangerous because of Short circuit during the worker do his job. In order of that there are too many precincts to controlling these hazards for example, choose equipment that is suitable for its working environment, make sure that equipment is safe when supplied and that it is then maintained in a safe condition and make sure that equipment is safe when supplied and that it is then maintained in a safe condition.

All electrical equipment, including portable equipment and installations, should be maintained to prevent danger; this is a requirement of the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989. These Regulations state principles of electrical safety and apply to all electrical systems and equipment.

There is an increased risk of this happening if the equipment isn't used correctly, isn't suitable for the job, or is used in a harsh environment.

More complicated tasks, such as equipment repairs or alterations to an electrical installation, should only be carried out by people with knowledge of the risks and the precautions needed.

You must not allow work on or near exposed, live parts of equipment unless it is absolutely unavoidable and suitable precautions have been taken to prevent injury, both to the workers and to anyone else who may be in the area.

Overhead power lines, over half of the fatal electrical accidents each year are caused by contact with overhead lines. When working near overhead lines, it may be possible to have them switched off if the owners are given enough notice. If this cannot be done, consult the owners about the safe working distance from the cables.